Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study (DAIS): Quantitative coronary angiographic analysis of coronary artery atherosclerosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. McLaughlin ◽  
Peter Gladstone
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis ◽  
Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study

Role of smoking on body fat distribution and coronary artery disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sabet ◽  
S Elkaffas ◽  
S.W.G Bakhoum ◽  
H Kandil
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Introduction Smoking and obesity are recognized as important modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the general perception that smoking protects against obesity is a common reason for starting, and/or not quitting smoking. Purpose To detect the quantity, quality and relative distribution of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) estimated by abdominal computed tomography in smokers versus non- smokers. Methods The abdominal muscular wall was traced manually to calculate SAT and VAT areas (cm2) (outside and inside abdominal muscular wall respectively) as well as SAT density [Hounsfield units (HU)] at L4-L5 in 409 consecutive patients referred for evaluation of chest pain by multi-slice computed tomography coronary angiography (MSCT-CA). Results 26% of the studied patients (n=107) were current smokers, while the remaining 74% (n=302) never smoked. Coronary artery atherosclerosis was more prevalent in smokers compared to non-smokers (64.5% vs 55.0%; p=0.09). Smokers had statistically significantly lower body mass index (BMI) (31.2±4.3 vs. 32.5±4.7 kg/m2; p=0.015), hip circumference (HC) (98.6±22.5 vs. 103.9±20.9 cm; p=0.031), total fat area (441.62±166.34 vs. 517.95±169.51cm2; p<0.001), and SAT area (313.07±125.54 vs. 390.93±143.28 cm2; p<0.001) as compared to non-smokers. However, smokers had statistically significantly greater waist-to-hip ratio (0.98±0.08 vs. 0.96±0.08; p=0.010), VAT/SAT area ratio (0.41±0.23 vs. 0.35±0.20; p=0.013), and denser SAT depot (−98.91±7.71 vs. −102.08±6.44 HU; p<0.001). Conclusion Smoking contributes to CAD and to the pathogenic redistribution of body fat towards VAT, through limiting SAT potential to expand. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Plasma F2-Isoprostanes and Coronary Artery Calcification: The CARDIA Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron Gross ◽  
Michael Steffes ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
Xinhua Yu ◽  
Linda Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Agatston Score ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis

Abstract Background: Oxidation of lipids in lipoproteins and cells may initiate and enhance the early development of cardiovascular disease. Method and Results: We assayed F2-isoprostanes, oxidation products of arachidonic acid, by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in a biracial cohort of 2850 young healthy adult men and women. Coronary artery calcification (CAC), a component of coronary artery atherosclerosis, was detectable in 10% of the cohort and appeared to be in its initial stages (Agatston scores <20 in 47% and <100 in 83% of CAC-positive participants). After adjusting for sex, clinical site, age, and race, the presence of any CAC was 24% more likely among those with high vs low concentrations of F2-isoprostanes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.24 per 92.2 pmol/L (32.7 ng/L; 1 SD of F2-isoprostanes); 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09–1.41]. The OR was only slightly attenuated [1.18 per 92.2 pmol/L (32.7 ng/L); CI, 1.02–1.38] after further adjustment for body mass index, smoking, serum lipids, C-reactive protein, antioxidant supplementation use, diabetes, and blood pressure. As a continuous variable, the Agatston score increased by 6.9% per 92.2 pmol/L (32.7 ng/L) of F2-isoprostane concentration (P <0.01). Whereas CAC prevalence was lower in women than men, mean (SD), F2-isoprostanes were higher in women {190 (108.9) pmol/L [67.4 (38.6) ng/L]} than in men {140.4 (55.6) pmol/L [49.8 (19.7) ng/L]}. Nevertheless, F2-isoprostanes were associated with an increased risk of CAC in both sexes. Conclusion: This association between increased concentrations of circulating F2-isoprostanes and CAC in young healthy adults supports the hypothesis that oxidative damage is involved in the early development of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Plasma alkylresorcinols, biomarkers of whole-grain intake, are not associated with progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola M McKeown ◽  
Adela Hruby ◽  
Rikard Landberg ◽  
David M Herrington ◽  
Alice H Lichtenstein
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Change In Mean

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between plasma alkyresorcinol (AR) concentrations, which are biomarkers of whole-grain intake, and atherosclerotic progression over 3 years in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease.DesignPlasma AR concentrations were measured by a validated GC–MS method in fasting plasma samples. Atherosclerosis progression was assessed using change in mean minimal coronary artery diameter (MCAD) and percentage diameter stenosis (%ST), based on mean proximal vessel diameter across up to ten coronary segments. Dietary intake was estimated using a 126-item interviewer-administered FFQ.SettingA prospective study of postmenopausal women participating in the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis trial.SubjectsFor the analysis of plasma AR concentrations and atherosclerotic progression, plasma samples and follow-up data on angiography were available for 182 women.ResultsMean whole-grain intake was 9·6 (se 0·6) servings per week. After multivariate adjustment, no significant associations were observed between plasma AR concentrations and change in mean MCAD or progression of %ST. Plasma AR concentrations were significantly correlated with dietary whole grains (r=0·35, P<0·001), cereal fibre (r=0·33, P<0·001), bran (r=0·15, P=0·05), total fibre (r=0·22, P=0·003) and legume fibre (r=0·15, P=0·04), but not refined grains, fruit fibre or vegetable fibre.ConclusionsPlasma AR concentrations were not significantly associated with coronary artery progression over a 3-year period in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease. A moderate association was observed between plasma AR concentrations and dietary whole grains and cereal fibre, suggesting it may be a useful biomarker in observational studies.

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